2D parcels do not describe every modern spatial right.
Multi-level buildings, underground spaces and elevated infrastructure introduce relationships that are difficult to express using only a flat parcel representation.
Research / 3D land administration
3D ULPIN Mapping System.
A research and prototype direction exploring a backward-compatible volumetric extension of India’s ULPIN framework for three-dimensional land administration.
Keep the 2D identifier; attach volumetric objects.
The proposed architecture keeps the existing parcel identity as the stable parent and adds derivative volumetric references for 3D objects.
Architecture
From raw spatial data to validated 3D objects.
Capture
Drone imagery, LiDAR, CAD/BIM, GNSS/CORS and terrain data provide complementary evidence.
Fuse + extract
Asynchronous processing can combine modalities and generate candidate footprints, heights and meshes.
Human validation
A licensed surveyor reviews and adjusts generated geometry before official registration.
Standards + storage
The research discusses LADM, CityGML, OGC 3D Tiles, PostGIS and object storage as parts of the architecture.
Source
Research material
The full paper page, figures and technical discussion remain available on this portfolio.